1. Electric Field Strength (E): A stronger electric field exerts a greater force on the electron, leading to a higher acceleration and ultimately a higher velocity.
2. Initial Velocity (v₀): If the electron starts from rest, its initial velocity is zero. However, if it already possesses an initial velocity, this will contribute to its final velocity.
3. Time (t): The longer the electron is exposed to the electric field, the more time it has to accelerate and gain velocity.
4. Mass of Electron (m): The mass of the electron determines how much it resists acceleration. A heavier object will accelerate less for the same force.
Here's how to calculate the velocity:
* Force on electron (F): F =qE, where 'q' is the charge of the electron (1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs) and 'E' is the electric field strength.
* Acceleration of electron (a): a =F/m, where 'm' is the mass of the electron (9.109 x 10⁻³¹ kg).
* 최종 속도 (v) : v =v₀ + at, where 'v₀' is the initial velocity and 't' is the time spent in the electric field.
중요한 고려 사항 :
* 드리프트 속도 : In materials like conductors, electrons move randomly due to thermal energy. The electric field imposes an average drift velocity on top of this random motion. This drift velocity is typically much smaller than the velocities achieved in vacuum.
* 충돌 : In real materials, electrons collide with atoms, which slows down their acceleration. This is why the final velocity in a material is usually lower than what you'd calculate based solely on the electric field.
요약 : 전기장에서 전자의 속도는 필드의 강도, 초기 속도, 필드에서 소비하는 시간 및 질량에 따라 다릅니다. The actual velocity achieved can be significantly affected by collisions with other particles in the material.
